Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 4 Articles
Neutraceuticals are linked to cure for diseases and delivering these in nanoparticulate form offers a solution to improve their stability and bioavailability. An attempt was made to formulate and evaluate a solid lipid nanoparticulate (SLN) drug delivery system (DDS) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) in order to improve the bio-accessibility of lipid soluble antioxidant β Carotene present within and check for its anticancer activity. CP containing SLN were formulated with Dynasan 118 (solid lipid), Poloxomer 188 and L-α-Phosphatidylcholine as stabilizers using hot high shear homogenization and ultrasonication. The SLNs were evaluated for appearance, % Entrapment Efficiency (%EE), in-vitro drug release (%DR), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transformer Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The anticancer activity of CP and optimized batch of SLNs were evaluated using in-vitro cytotoxicity assessment on human cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and SiHa respectively with positive results. The optimized batch exhibited % EE of 80.52 ± 0.04 % and β carotene release 77.104 ± 0.062 % respectively at the end of 48 hours. SEM studies revealed spherical SLN with smooth surface. DSC, PXRD and FTIR results exhibit the entrapment of CP in SLN. The drug release was found to be higher as compared to its CP suspension. SLNs presented a mean PS of 292.2 nm and ZP-22.9 mV respectively. The results indicate an alternate DDS for increasing the bio-accessibility of natural antioxidant β Carotene present in CP by formulating its SLN....
Background: In Germany, vitamin D intake from food and synthesis in the skin is low, which leads to low 25(OH)D\r\nserum concentrations. In contrast to many other countries, general vitamin D food fortification is still prohibited in\r\nGermany, although the European Commission published a regulatory framework to harmonize addition of vitamins\r\nto foods. Thus the purpose of our study was to develop a vitamin D fortification model, taking into account all\r\nvitamin D sources with the goal to fulfill requirements of intake recommendations or preferable 25(OH)D serum\r\nconcentrations. Finally, the aim was to assess the suitability of different carriers and associated risks.\r\nMethods: We developed a mathematical bottom-up model of 25(OH)D serum concentrations based on data about\r\nvitamin D sources of the German population such as sunlight, food and supplements for all federal states taking\r\nseasonal and geographical variations into account. We used this model to calculate the optimal fortification levels\r\nof different vitamin D carriers in two approaches. First we calculated required fortification levels based on fixed\r\nintake recommendations from e.g. the IOM or the DGE and second based on achieving certain 25(OH)D serum\r\nconcentrations.\r\nResults: To lift 25(OH)D serum concentration in Germany to 75 nmol/L, e.g. 100 g bread has to be fortified with\r\n11.3 �µg during winter, resulting in a daily vitamin D intake of 23.7 �µg. Bread seems to be a suitable carrier for base\r\nsupply. However, overdose risk with a single fortified product is higher than the risk with several fortified carriers.\r\nConclusions: With the model in hand, it is possible to conceive vitamin D fortification strategies for different\r\nfoodstuffs and model its impact on 25(OH)D serum concentrations....
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that disturbances in the bloodââ?¬â??brain barrier (BBB) may be pivotal to the\r\npathogenesis and pathology of vascular-based neurodegenerative disorders. Studies suggest that heightened\r\nsystemic and central inflammations are associated with BBB dysfunction. This study investigated the effect of the\r\nanti-inflammatory nutraceuticals garlic extract-aged (GEA), alpha lipoic acid (ALA), niacin, and nicotinamide (NA) in a\r\nmurine dietary-induced model of BBB dysfunction.\r\nMethods: C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA, 40% fat of total energy) for nine\r\nmonths to induce systemic inflammation and BBB disturbances. Nutraceutical treatment groups included the\r\nprovision of either GEA, ALA, niacin or NA in the positive control SFA-group and in low-fat fed controls. Brain\r\nparenchymal extravasation of plasma derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) and large macromolecules (apolipoprotein\r\n(apo) B lipoproteins) measured by quantitative immunofluorescent microscopy, were used as markers of disturbed\r\nBBB integrity. Parenchymal glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were considered in the\r\ncontext of surrogate markers of neurovascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Total anti-oxidant status and\r\nglutathione reductase activity were determined in plasma.\r\nResults: Brain parenchymal abundance of IgG and apoB lipoproteins was markedly exaggerated in mice\r\nmaintained on the SFA diet concomitant with significantly increased GFAP and COX-2, and reduced systemic antioxidative\r\nstatus. The nutraceutical GEA, ALA, niacin, and NA completely prevented the SFA-induced disturbances of\r\nBBB and normalized the measures of neurovascular inflammation and oxidative stress.\r\nConclusions: The anti-inflammatory nutraceutical agents GEA, ALA, niacin, or NA are potent inhibitors of dietary\r\nfat-induced disturbances of BBB induced by systemic inflammations....
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of adult\r\ndisability. There is no cure for OA, and no effective treatments which arrest or slow its\r\nprogression. Current pharmacologic treatments such as analgesics may improve pain relief\r\nbut do not alter OA disease progression. Prolonged consumption of these drugs can result\r\nin severe adverse effects. Given the nature of OA, life-long treatment will likely be\r\nrequired to arrest or slow its progression. Consequently, there is an urgent need for OA\r\ndisease-modifying therapies which also improve symptoms and are safe for clinical use\r\nover long periods of time. Nutraceuticalsââ?¬â?food or food products that provide medical or\r\nhealth benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a diseaseââ?¬â?offer not only\r\nfavorable safety profiles, but may exert disease- and symptom-modification effects in OA.\r\nForty-seven percent of OA patients use alternative medications, including nutraceuticals.\r\nThis review will overview the efficacy and mechanism of action of commonly used\r\nnutraceuticals, discuss recent experimental and clinical data on the effects of select\r\nnutraceuticals, such as phytoflavonoids, polyphenols, and bioflavonoids on OA, and\r\nhighlight their known molecular actions and limitations of their current use. We will\r\nconclude with a proposed novel nutraceutical-based molecular targeting strategy for\r\nchondroprotection and OA treatment....
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